Development of electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor

The electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor is a kind of electrochemical biosensor, which detects and analyses the specific DNA sequences based on nucleic acid hybridisation. Because it has the advantages of rapid, simple, high sensitivity and high selectivity, the electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor plays an increasingly important role in clinical diagnosis, genetic engineering, environmental analysis, food safety monitoring, and biological weapons. The general principles of electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor are described. The recent researches about the ssDNA immobilisation methods are reviewed, such as covalent binding, self-assembly method, biotionavidin method, electro-polymerisation and adsorption, and DNA hybridisation electrochemical direct/indirect indication mechanism. Finally, the applications in gene detection are researched, such as medical detection and transgenic plants detection, and the development trend of electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor is discussed.